Efrem Teferi, MD, MPH¹; Daniel Gemechu, MD, PHD, Ismael Ali, MPH¹

Background; In Ethiopia mortality in children younger than five years it has dropped from 202 in 1990 to 55 in 2019 (EDHS 2019).  Pneumonia and diarrhea are the two leading causes of under-five mortality. Integrated Community Case management (ICCM) was started in 2010. Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine was introduced in 2010, and Rotavirus vaccine in 2013.

Methodology; Morbidity, admission, and mortality data of under five children were extracted from 2002/09 EFY to 2008/16 GC, annual Federal Ministry of Health and Health related indicators bulletin. Proportion of morbidity, admission, mortality, and change in percentage analyzed and compared using significant test.

Results; Proportion of morbidity due to pneumonia to total under five morbidity increased from 2.6% to 8.7%, and that of diarrhea from 2.3% to 11.8% in six years (2010 to 2016) p-0.000. Proportion of Admission due to pneumonia decreased from 5% to 4.5%, (10% reduction), p-0.009 and that of diarrhea 3.4%, to 1.3%, (63% reduction), p-0.000. Proportion of mortality of pneumonia decreased from 2.7%, to 1.4 %, (48% reduction), p-0.113, that of diarrhea decreased from 1.9% to 0.9%, (53% reduction), p-0.42.

Conclusion, and recommendations; The increase in proportion of morbidity might be due to increase in health service utilization. The decline in proportion of admission and mortality of both diseases showed that introduction of new vaccines of, Rota, and early treatment in health posts using ICCM algorisms, have significant contribution. Standard quality treatment, prevention by improving immunization quality and coverage, maximum utilization of health service, is necessary to further decrease, admission and mortality.

Key words, HMIS, morbidity, admission, mortality, PCV, Rota vaccine