EPHA Conference Systems, 32nd EPHA Annual Conference

Font Size: 
Can COVID-19 Transmit Through Feco-Oral Route? Current Knowledge and Future Perspective
Tewachew Awoke, Aminu Seman, Shemse Sebre

Last modified: 2021-03-04

Abstract


In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared that the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The virus poses a growing burden worldwide. As of Jan 15, 2021 globally, more than 94 million confirmed cases and more than 2 million deaths of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) have been reported in 221 countries. The ability to test for and manage COVID-19 has improved, but ongoing debate remains about how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been reported as a common manifestation of COVID-19. Furthermore several published scientific evidence has indicated the higher viral load in feces than in respiratory specimens as well as the prolonged shedding of the virus in stool after showing negative results in respiratory samples, rising the need to emphasize discharging patients with only oral swab results. Studies also successfully isolated the novel SARS-CoV-2 in feces indicating the possibility of fecal–oral transmission or fecal–respiratory transmission through aerosolized feces. An international expert panel has been proposed screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Updated knowledge about the potential feco-oral transmission of the virus has importance for effective prevention and control of the disease. In this review, we summarized the latest information on the feco-oral transmission of the virus.